Adipotide Peptide
The Adipotide peptide, also known as the fat-targeted proapoptotic peptide (FTPP), has been the subject of much research linked to Diabetes and adipose tissue. Multiple preclinical studies are investigating the potential anti-obesity effects of Adipotide, a potentially selective fat-burning peptide.
Adipotide, as its name implies, is a proapoptotic peptide that may induce apoptosis in fat cells, as studies suggest. Prohibitins are endogenous proteins that control processes, including cell division, metabolism, and inflammation. Research speculates that Adipotide is a prohibitin-targeting peptide that has been tested in several investigations and clinical trials with reported positive outcomes.
Studies suggest that when Adipotide was initially developed as a possible anti-cancer peptide, it appeared to positively reduce obesity. It left the pioneers in the field of research “at a loss for words.” It was hypothesized that [ii] cutting off the cancer cells’ supply of oxygen and nutrients would kill them and slow their development. The peptide was suggested to have the same mode of action on fat cells as on the original cell type, prompting an additional investigation.
The researchers found this intriguing, calling the work a “proof of concept” and noting that further research into the peptide was needed to understand its impact on cells fully. More trials were done in the hopes that FTPP would be the next great breakthrough in obesity research. [ii]
Adipotide Peptide – A Summary
A researcher used the phage display technique to extract a naturally occurring peptide (sequence CKGGRAKDC). This peptide was fused with a proapoptotic sequence to create the Adipotide molecule. Researchers speculate that Adipotide is structurally similar to a peptide found in white adipose tissue.
These features and findings suggest that the peptide may bind to and damage prohibitin PHB1 on the surface of fatty tissue, cutting off their blood supply and killing off the adipocytes that produce fat. [i] Prohibitins serve as a vascular marker of adipose tissues, and it seems that Adipotide could recognize these indicators and trigger apoptosis or the death of fatty cells. [iii]
Scientists raised concerns that Adipotide might cause the fat cells to rupture, releasing their contents into the circulation and possibly disrupting the metabolism and increasing hunger. Findings speculate that Adipotide may use this excess fat as energy. As a result, more investigation into the peptide was warranted. These are some of the main hypothesized properties of the peptide being studied, as suggested by research:
- Possible weight reduction
- Possible lack of effect on hunger
- Possible improvements in insulin resistance
- Possibility of use in cancer research
Early preclinical trials in monkeys with Adipotide speculated that the animals appeared to have a significant level of apparent insulin resistance. As was suggested in the preliminary trials, only the obese monkeys appeared to lose weight when Adipotide was given to them. This finding suggested that the chemical may be selective towards obese fatty tissues exclusively, which would be another of the peptide’s numerous potential properties. [iv]
Adipotide Peptide: Initial Studies
Three types of Old White monkeys were given Adipotide once daily for four weeks to determine the compound’s potential. They did not consciously try to alter their diet or exercise habits. The presentation appeared to have resulted in a reported 11% decrease in body weight and a 39% reduction in fat-monkey deposits. [v] Studies A and B suggested a rise in serum creatinine, reversed once peptide presentation was stopped. Whereas BUN levels varied in the fixed trial D, they looked stable in study C.
Adipotide Peptide: Cancer and Tissue
Licensed professionals analyzed the peptides and compounds found in various blood arteries and tissues (both healthy and cancerous). Differential expression of peptides, proteins, and other molecules between normal and cancerous tissues makes them attractive targets.
Researchers isolated four natural ligand receptors found only on cancerous cells using various chemical and analytic methods. Some specific peptides, like Adipotide, have been speculated to attenuate these receptors’ function effectively. [vi]
Adipotide Peptide and Diabetes
Studies suggest that Adipotide peptide presentation in obese mice allowed researchers to examine its potential impact and mechanism on fat cells in more detail. Researchers speculated that serum triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance seemed to improve in the animals just a few days after the presentation began. These modifications allegedly occurred before the weight loss determined by the compound.
Adipotide has been suggested to lower fat tissue cell bulk. It is also hypothesized that it may improve its functioning, explaining the enhanced hormone release and gene expression. As a consequence, the fat mice showed signs of enhanced glucose tolerance.
If you are a researcher interested in purchasing Adipotide peptide for your clinical or laboratory studies, click here. Please note that none of the items listed are approved for human or animal consumption. Laboratory research chemicals are only for in-vitro and in-lab use. Any kind of physical introduction is illegal. Only authorized academics and working professionals may make purchases. The content of this article is intended only for instructional purposes.
References
[i] Thuaud, F., Ribeiro, N., Nebigil, C. G., & Désaubry, L. (2013). Prohibitin ligands in cell death and survival: mode of action and therapeutic potential. Chemistry & biology, 20(3), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.02.006
[ii] Melissa H., Cancer treatment shows promise for rapid weight loss, Los Angeles Times, 10 Nov 2011. https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-nov-10-la-he-drug-fat-loss-20111110-story.html
[iii] Kolonin, Mikhail G et al. “Reversal of obesity by targeted ablation of adipose tissue.” Nature Medicine vol. 10,6 (2004): 625-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15133506/
[iv] Experimental Drug Slims Obese Monkeys https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=151452
[v] Barnhart, Kirstin F et al. “A peptidomimetic targeting white fat causes weight loss and improved insulin resistance in obese monkeys.” Science translational medicine vol. 3,108 (2011): 108ra112. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002621. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22072637/
[vi] Staquicini, Fernanda I et al. “Vascular ligand-receptor mapping by direct combinatorial selection in cancer patients.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 108,46 (2011): 18637-42. doi:10.1073/pnas.1114503108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22049339/
[vii] Kim, Dong-Hoon et al. “Rapid and weight-independent improvement of glucose tolerance induced by a peptide designed to elicit apoptosis in adipose tissue endothelium.” Diabetes vol. 61,9 (2012): 2299-310. doi:10.2337/db11-1579. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22733798/
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